Fatigue and Performance in Aviation Research Paper

Fatigue and Performance in Aviation - Research Paper Example The dizziness may make the pilots unresponsive for some time. If the pilots succumb to their fatigue, they end up sleeping; thus, causing accidents or going beyond their destinations. FAA has failed to enact proper regulations that would ensure that pilots get enough sleep in between their flights, especially for short flights. Most airlines give their pilots only 7 hours of which some are spent checking out and transit to hotels. This is not enough as it mostly leads to fatigue, and thus, lowers the performance of the aviation crew. Therefore, FAA should note that sleep is triggered by fatigue and to solve sleep among the pilots, FAA should review their rules to allow time for sleep and rest to their pilots. Increasing frequencies in aviation accidents have called for attention on the causes of these accidents. Several factors cause aircraft accidents. However, researchers have attributed aircraft accidents to pilot and crew failures of psychological or physiological nature. Psychologists argue on the result of biological and psychological factors on the crews and pilots management of the plane. Psychologists have considered fatigue and lack of sleep as the main factors responsible for aviation accidents. Because of the nature of flight schedules, crew finds little time to sleep or even have some sleep. Absence of sleep and rest influences the alertness and performance (Wiener 650). Pilot fatigue has had the upper hand on the aircraft accidents. Fatigue refers to a mental state characterized by reduced mental and physical performance resulting from workload or loss of sleep. Fatigue impairs human performance, and thus, has negative impacts on work among other day-to-day activities. Many aviation accidents have occurred because of the crews’ tiredness or sleep, which reduce their level of alertness; hence, inability to follow procedures and operations. Initially, pilots’ flight time for non-stop travels were

Slavery and Marriage in The Braggart Soldier Essay

Slavery and Marriage in The Braggart Soldier - Essay Example The position of the women in Plautus’s society is also brought out through this play, through the married and the unmarried women, in the play who live out different roles. Slavery and Marriage in The Braggart Soldier The influence of social institutions is seen in most of one’s activities and art is no exception. The art of Plautus, reflects the social realities that existed during his age. Slavery and marriage were two of the most important institutions that were prevalent during the period that Plautus wrote his plays. These plays portray a certain kind of subversion that is possible on the part of these subaltern groups. They are able to obtain a certain kind of superiority over their masters and their clients for a certain amount of time. However, the superiority that they attain over their superiors is something that is undercut by the fact that it is a temporary phenomenon that fails to challenge the institutions in themselves that remain deeply entrenched in the consciousness of the very people that seem to attempt the subversion. This subversion, by the end of the play, even though it succeeds in the downfall of the protagonist of the play, Pyrgopolynices, serves the ends of another member of the aristocracy, Pleusicles. In the end, the slaves and the prostitute do not do anything for themselves; what they do is to fulfill their roles as slaves, which essentially place them back in their social positions, irrespective of their masters. The actions of Palaestrio and Philocomasium, from the beginning of the play, seek to foil the actions that the protagonist of the play, Pyrgopolynices, seeks to bring about. Both these characters have certain features in common; both f them were captured by the soldier. The helplessness and the lack of agency that these two characters share happens as a result of their social positions that are defined by their economic and gender belonging. Philocomasium does not possess any agency since she is a woman and does not have any agency. Throughout the play, she is looked upon as a possession that the two men in the play fight for. Her identity too, is shaped by the man that she is with, rather than the position that she defines for herself. On the other hand, Palaestrio has some agency of his own, even though it manifests itself in his loyalty to his former owner, Pleusicles. This reveals a deeply entrenched system of slavery where the slave internalizes the system and mentally enslaves himself to his owner. Palaestrio is unable to think of himself as a person whose identity may be anything except that of the slave of Pleusicles. This manifests itself in his inability to accept Pyrgopolynices as his master. He however, possesses more ability to act than the Philocomasium, who is totally deprived of any agency, because of her position as a woman in a patriarchal society. The little agency that Palaestrio has does not lead to any awareness about his position as a slave that could lead to an y solidarity between him and the other slaves. This is evident from this speech of his. Palaestrio: Someone from our house has done a naughty thing, from what I hear- The old man’s commanded that my fellow slaves be beaten up. Well, he said except for me- who gives a hoot about the rest? (Plautus 8) It is this lack of solidarity that makes Palaestrio

Franz Marc Inspiration By Astronomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Franz Marc Inspiration By Astronomy - Essay Example This is a journal that would later become famous due the circle of artists that collaborated in it (Gerald 16). In the year 1912, Marc met with Robert Delaunay; this was an artist whose style was identified by many artists as the futuristic. The futuristic aspect was majorly on the use of color. Roberts work is known to be a major influence of the work done by marc and mainly influenced by the style of futurism and cubism (Wolf, et al, 68). This influenced Marc’s work to be more abstract and stark in nature. The work by Marc was deemed as fascinating as he was able to draw some of his artistic aspects from astronomy. Some of the most famous arts that Franz Marc is known for are ‘The deer in the woods’, ‘the fate of the animals’, ‘the lamb’ and ‘the fighting forms’. Franz marc is known for his fascination in animals of which he incorporated in his paintings. Franz Marc paintings are known for the bright color aspects which man y critics have associated with some cosmology aspects. Cosmology is the study of origins of the stars and the fate of the bodies that forms the universe. Franz in some of his artwork associated mixture of color which is associated with some of the heavenly aspects.... Edmondo Bacci’s painting known by the name, oil with sand on canvas is an example of artwork that was inspired by Vasily Kandinsky and Franz Marc. In the Edmondo’s painting, the similarity to Franz painting is majorly associated with Franz work from the perspective that the three primary colors are the dominating colors in his painting (Marc, et al, 37). Edmondo having drawn inspiration of this art work from the cosmic bodies, Franz work can be awarded similar attributions in his work with the ‘Deer in the woods’. On the astronomical aspect the paintings by Franz marc can be associated by auroras, Auroras are colorful patters that are formed in the sky and are mostly occur in high latitude regions ( Liedke 6). These patterns are made of bright swirling colors that make them magnificent to look at. With the art work of Franz, the swirling effect that can be realized from the viewer’s perspective is relatively similar with the colorful patterns that fo rm the auroras. The first impression that one gets from the look of Franz’s painting is the colorful swirling image, the swirl effect has been referred to as the association with the genesis and the destruction of the heavenly bodies’ theories that have been put forth by many scientist. Van Gogh is one of the people who inspired the art by Franz Marc; van Gogh was popular among the greatest artists for his paintings that depicted the night skies. He is celebrated for his artistic powers in imagination of what encompasses the heavenly bodies. A piece of art that was created in the year 1889 known as the ‘starry night’ is a painting that was done by Van Gogh. This painting was considered as one of the major inspirations for most of the works done by Franz Marc. The inspirations that

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Contract Law - Essay Example Pre-incorporation contracts are those contracts which are entered by the founders of a company before its existence or before its incorporation. As the company is not in existence, the company cannot be sued or can initiate legal action, may not purchase or own assets in its own name before its incorporation. Thus, promoters will be acting as the agents of the company to be incorporated while entering into a pre-incorporation contract. However, there arises a question how one can make principal and agent’s relationship when the company itself is not in existence. Thus, despite the fact that the claim by a promoter is acting on behalf of the prospective company, the promoters and not the proposed company will be held personally accountable for all contracts entered into by them on behalf of the prospective company1. The legal status of the pre-incorporation contracts under English common law is that it is illegal and cannot be approved or ratified or adopted the advantages of the contract which has been entered into on its behalf before its incorporation. Any outsiders who enter into a pre-incorporation contract witness an aggregate negative impact under English common law as it is either enforceable in court or it can be ratified .Thus , outsiders have to witness a risky scenario where they enter into pre-incorporation contract with a company yet to be incorporated. In Kelner case, 2 it was held that the supplier of goods to a non-existence company could not sue it for the recovery of the outstanding for the supply of products as the company could not make a valid contract before its incorporation as it was not a legal person then. In Natal Land case3 , a pre-incorporation of contract was entered between the agents of the appellant namely Rycroft with one Mrs de Carrey where she was given a ri ght to demand for a lease of the coal -mining privileges on the plaintiff’s property. It was held by the court

International Bond and Currency Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Bond and Currency Markets - Essay Example In precise, it also helps in pre-determining the fluctuation of the currency appreciation or depreciation in respect to countries and influenced cross border trade prospects by a substantial extent. It is noteworthy that the volatility of exchange rate, in the short run and also in the long run depends on multiple factors such as the demand and supply prospects in the financial market. Arguably, forecasting in the long run and short run is considered as quite difficult, which can be explained with reference to the Theory of Speculation in the market and the collective belief of the investors about the future prospects (Andreou & Zombanakis, 2006). Based on these underpinnings about the importance of forecasting exchange rate fluctuations, this essay will aim at emphasising the challenges commonly witnessed by analysts when obtaining the intended forecasting results in the short run as well as in the long run performance of the exchange rate. Challenges in Forecasting Exchange Rate in Short Run Arguably, in the short run, the forecasting of exchange rate is nearly impossible. Forecasts, which are delivered by the macroeconomic factors, are generally less accurate than the results obtained through Random Walk theory application. In general, the Random Walk Theory presumes that market changes, in terms of stock-prices changes, are unpredictable. Even though in the long run forecasting, the theory has been considered by many financial investors and analysts, the short run implications of Random Walk theory remains under considerable scrutiny. It is in this context that no claims to substantiate a perfect Random Walk model in the short-run stock price fluctuation were firmly made. On the contrary, arguments centralised on the theory that forecasting stock-prices changes in the short run is challenging owing to the fact that in the short run, the volatility of the exchange rate is less but the speed of convergence based on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is slower than that recorded in the long run (Babazadeh & Farrokhnejad, 2012). Correspondingly, it has been argued that the level of exchange rate in the short run is not very predictable, but is also not entirely unpredictable, as the volatility of the currency and the correlation between them vary with time and hence, forecasting becomes challenging (Mitra, 2008). The current account balances, real income of the people, interest rates, the preferences of the consumers regarding the domestic or foreign products, are all signified as market fundamentals influence the stock-prices in the short run, as per the conceptual framework of PPP. As explained by Taylor & Taylor (2004: 135), â€Å"PPP is a disarmingly simple theory that holds that the nominal exchange rate between two currencies should be equal to the ratio of aggregate price levels between the two countries, so that a unit of currency of one country will have the same purchasing power in a foreign country†. Subsequently, it is the m onetary policies, the fiscal policies and the market speculations affect the forecasting decisions in the short run. These factors are important when considering the financial transfers with regards to the

Victim Blaming and Victim Defending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Victim Blaming and Victim Defending - Essay Example In most cases, people who are exceptionally familiar with victimology do not view the victim as the one responsible for the misdemeanor. However, knowledge about the prior rapport between the fatality and perpetrator maximizes the perceptions of victim blame for cases such as wife battery. In addition, most of the psychologists argue that the victim is not necessarily fallacious. Roy Baumeister; a personality and social psychologist, argues that showing the victim’s responsibility can be shrewd, contrary to typical clarification of meanness and aggression (Said & Hitchens, 2001). Furthermore, in these two concepts there are factors such as secondary victimization, just-world hypothesis, rape shield laws, sexual purity and family honor which are of crucial importance (Ryan, 1976). These terminologies are quite common in association to victim blaming and victim defending. In relation to this case, secondary victimization can be identified as the retraumatization of the abuse victim through the response of the community in general. For example in the case of battered women, the women might be blamed. For instance, they might be accused of not acting as to the stipulated guidelines set by the husband or even cheating on the husband. These are some of the most common acts that may trigger the husband to beat his wife. Hence, this phenomenon is identified as secondary victimization. Rape shield laws have also become common according to most jurisdictions. These laws are liable for protecting the alleged victim with respect to certain phenomena. Another common factor related to the issue of victim blaming and defending is sexual purity and family honor. This prevalent factor involves social relationships in which women are mostly blamed for their indiscriminate acts. Lastly, there is the just-world hypothesis issue which is also prevalent in issues related to victim blaming and defending. This aspect describes the phenomenon that people believe

How to balance online school work with family demands Essay

How to balance online school work with family demands - Essay Example These days, it is quite popular (Hinkle, 2009). The advantage of distance learning is that it seeks to maintain a balance between family and education. In addition, individuals are free to pursue the fields that they feel are more suited to their interests. It also allows the students to study freely and at their own pace. It has the further benefit of costing less (Zimmerman, pp. 39-41). However, there are always problems associated with time management. Most of the individuals who are studying online are mature adults who have the responsibility of the household and various family demands. Therefore, there is an inherent challenge associated with managing both things at the same time. A study done in United Kingdom showed that adults have faced problems trying to balance online education with the demands of family and household chores (Wheeler, pp.32). Pursuing education is an amazing experience; however, it requires a lot of time and patience. It can be quite exhausting doing all the cooking, cleaning, looking after children, and studying as well. On a personal level, I have faced numerous difficulties because my family demands came in the way of my studies. One such example was when I had to submit a paper, and suddenly one of my children fell ill. Now child requires my constant attention, and mostly I put him to sleep while I am studying. However, the paper was extremely lengthy and my child was constantly crying. A crying child in hands while typing away on the laptop is an extremely excruciating experience. A person has to think of the child first, while there is a constant nagging at the back of the mind that there is a lot of work to be done, which may include laundry, ironing, cooking, and obviously studying. Another worrisome thought is also to protect the electronic gadget from the child’s hands. The child demanded constant attention, and even when I took him to the doctor, I had to wait quite a lot. Buying medicines, rushing home, forcing th e medicine down the child’s throat, and finally putting him to sleep took away all my energy. Quite obviously, I submitted my paper late and I had to deal with many issues. My other child is an avid sportsperson. He participates in softball and basketball. I have to manage driving him around to his games and sitting to cheer him on during these games. He expects me to be there with him for all the games and he ends up getting hurt if I even talk about missing one game. Caught up in work and extended family issues, I could not prepare properly for an exam that was coming up. The final match of my son’s basketball team had to be one day before the exam. Well, that is my fate, I guess. Sitting with books, with my other child on the next seat constantly tugging my hand for drinks and popcorn, and trying to cheer my child was an extremely agonizing experience. The question was to study or not to study. Although I managed to secure good marks in the exams, but it did require a night of staying up to study, already exhausted from the day. Therefore, the point of sharing my personal experiences was that although distance learning has made me return to education, it is still not as convenient as people might think it is. However, quite a lot of time has passed since I have been pursuing online education, and I love almost every minute of it. On weekends usually, I cook quite a lot of food and deep freeze it. In addition, I do the laundry and