“Crucible” by Arthur Miller: The madness in Salem Essay

How does Miller use the ending of each act to make the audience feel the madness in Salem? Miller is able to portray the madness of Salem in a variety of ways, throughout the whole of the play however the ending of each act allows the audience to fully feel the hysteria. By incorporating changes of key themes and ideas as well as using links throughout the text and a variety of dramatic techniques towards the end of each act, Miller is able to leave the audience with a sense of this madness. The ways in which he reflects the madness change from scene to scene however each technique is just as important as others. Occurring frequently throughout the play, but particularly predominant at the end of Act I is the use of stage directions to increase tension and hysteria. After Tituba confesses to allegiance with the Devil, Abigail realises that this has saved her and so she decides to repeat Tituba’s actions in order to save herself. She understands that in order to prevent being accused she must become the accuser. Miller emphasises this as immediately after Hale states â€Å"God will bless you for your help†, Abigail rises and is quoted as â€Å"staring as though inspired.† She goes on to become â€Å"enraptured as though in a pearly light† which shows the progression from a quiet confession to a loud, more hysteric declaration. The passage which follows shows a huge rise in tension and irrational incidents as suddenly Betty rises from the bed after a long period of time in a collapsed state, also chanting confessions. Betty and Abigail exclaim the names of people who they claimed to have seen with the Devil, and Miller once again uses stage directions to show the craziness by describing them as â€Å"calling out hysterically† and â€Å"rising to a great glee.† The curtain falls on the girls crying out the names of people seen with the Devil, with a progressive increase in intensity and so the audience is left with a clear feel of the hysteria. Another way Miller is able to portray the madness towards the end of Act I is by using short sentences to increase tension and reflect the condition in Salem. During the confession of Abigail short, quick sentences are used such  as â€Å"I danced for the Devil!† or â€Å"I saw him†, both of which show a peak in hysteria. These are followed by Betty and Abigail accusing people of allegiance with the Devil and all these claims follow the same, generic format of â€Å"I saw ____ with the Devil!† This makes the girls seem as though they are possessed and are under the influence of the Devil – once again giving the audience a feel of the madness in Salem by building up a mad atmosphere. Towards the end of Act II Miller uses the actions of John Proctor to make the audience feel the madness in Salem, with his violent acts indicating how emotions have spiralled out of control in the village. After the arrest of his wife, Elizabeth, Proctor becomes aggravated and begins to take a violent approach towards the matter. As soon as he is left alone with Mary Warren, she is described as speaking in a â€Å"fearful squeak of a voice† which begins to suggest Proctor’s threatening presence. This is followed by Proctor â€Å"moving menacingly toward her† which gives the audience an instant insight on Proctor’s anger. Even though Mary Warren proclaims that Abigail will â€Å"kill [her] for sayin’ that† (referring to telling the court who stuck the needle into the poppet), Proctor still â€Å"continues toward her† which also indicates the madness of Proctor and the community around him. Mary then begins to â€Å"back from him† and speaks â€Å"in terror†, however Proctor â€Å"strides and catches her† which shows a progression from mere verbal abuse to physical violence and an upsurge of anger. This anger proliferates into Proctor â€Å"grasping her from the throat as though he would strangle her† before â€Å"throwing her to the floor where she sobs†. Miller is able to use this forcefulness to give the audience a taste of how things have progressed from illogical thoughts to outright madness in not just the Proctor household but the whole of Salem. Along with the use of Proctor’s violence to reflect the madness in Salem, Miller uses the intense dialogue between Proctor and Mary Warren to show how insanity has grown in the Salem community. Miller utilises Mary Warren’s repeated refrain of â€Å"I cannot, I cannot† to reflect how crazy she has become. Despite Abigail’s wrongdoings Mary states that she â€Å"cannot charge murder on Abigail† which shows how much Abigail has manipulated her. She   then states that â€Å"they’ll turn on [her]† which demonstrates the pressure placed upon Mary to lie to the court. Mary’s mind has been twisted into believing that staying loyal to the girls is more important than saving the lives of innocent people accused of witchcraft and this gives the audience a glimpse of the absurd ideas implanted into the brains of the Salem community. The curtain falls on Mary repeatedly sobbing â€Å"I cannot, I cannot† and this tells the audience that the madness is not at an end but will continue into the scenes to come. In Act III, Miller utilises Mary Warren’s change of heart to fully epitomise the extent of which the madness in Salem has grown. As previously stated, Miller used the end of Act II to show that the madness in Salem would continue into the coming scenes, and by making Mary Warren and John Proctor the subject of drama once again he has shown this. The end of Act III begins with Abigail conversing with an invisible bird which is acclaimed to be controlled by Mary Warren. This, not unlike most other claims of witchcraft in the play, has no substance or evidence apart from the victim’s claims and is irrational which links in with the general madness of the play. Abigail has made this accusation in order to avoid being accused; drawing parallels with the ending of Act I. Abigail once again asserts her dominance over Mary which can be seen, as when Abigail shouts that the spirit is â€Å"going to come down† and is â€Å"walking the beam†, Mary changes from saying that previous cases were â€Å"pretence† to now saying that John Proctor is â€Å"the Devil’s man.† Mary is described as â€Å"screaming in horror† – antics associated with someone gone mad. Ultimately, this extreme change of heart is used by Miller to show that the hysteria has reached its peak and now people are no longer willing to argue anymore. The idea that arguing is of no use anymore as the judges fail to understand good reasoning is shown again through John Proctor’s change of heart as well. After spending so long arguing for the freedom of his wife and so many others, when asked if he has any allegiance with Satan he replies that â€Å"God is dead!† Proctor recognises Judge Danforth’s hypocrisy in that Danforth previously stated that witchcraft was only visible to the victim and the accused, however now he says â€Å"I have seen your power† which is contradictory  to the previous statement. Miller uses this case of hypocrisy to show the audience how a lack of logic has overrun Salem causing the aforementioned madness. Proctor follows by â€Å"laughing insanely† and saying that he â€Å"hears the boot of Lucifer† and â€Å"sees his filthy face† – a sharp contrast to saying the Devil is not present in Salem just a few moments before. Imagery of burning in Hell and the damnation of himself and Danforth contribute greatly to the madness and they give the audience an idea of the graphic culmination of the madness in Salem. Also, Hale â€Å"denounces these proceedings† and â€Å"quits this court† which leaves the courtroom itself in a state of madness. Danforth attempts to control the room but is unable to and this symbolises how power is no longer with any of the officials and all chaos has broken loose in Salem, giving the audience a full on feel of how a total loss of control has culminated in Salem. All in all, Arthur Miller is able to use the ending of each act to make the audience feel the madness in Salem by incorporating multiple techniques into the play to add tension and hysteria. These techniques, ranging from stage directions to symbolism and imagery, are able to give the audience a glimpse of the insanity going through Salem and they are developed well as the audience progresses through the play; building up to dramatic climaxes and culminating in the loss of all order in the Salem community.

Thinking Errors Found and Fixed

The Franklin Reality Model is a modeling technique that works to restructure thinging errors by way of cognitive thinking. Process is a step by step process where as you have a decision to make and you are given a few decisions, you make the one that you think will work, for whatever reason. Step two of this process is deciphering what effects come about from that decision, effectively you will begin to see a ripple effect based upon your choice.This ripple effect can be positive or negative, once again depending upon your choice but the technique gets one to thinking about the simple effects of what seems to be a simple solution until they learn to start thinking ahead about their actions before they act. To live, to love and be loved, to feel important, and variety are the basic components of this model. There are also seven natural laws within this model and they are 1. If the results of your behavior do not meet your needs, there is an incorrect principle on your belief window.2) Results take time to measure. 3) Growth is the process of changing principles on your belief window. 4) If your self-worth is dependent on anything external, you are in big trouble. 5) Addictive behavior is the result of deep and unmet needs (of the four human needs mentioned above). 6) The mind will naturally seek harmony when presented with two opposing principles. 7) When the results of your behavior do meet your needs you experience inner peace. (Franklin Reality Model)In this model we place principles upon our beliefs. For example Saving money is a waste because I’m going to spend it anyway is a belief on a principle. With this thought then you can be assured that you won’t save any money and there will come a time when a repair on a vehicle is needed, or you lose a job and have no money to pay your bills; when this happens then what? This model has been effectively used and has effectively altered people’s way of thinking.Those with behaviorial issues to those with addiction issues have benefitted from this and the developers of this program use it with a high rate of recidivism within the prison systems. This gets to the root of an issue, of a bad thought pattern, how can one ignore this and at least not try. It is an eye opener exercise for everyone. References FRANKLIN REALITY MODEL. AS COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING. 1986. http://www. gwcinc. com/C_Reddick/FranklinRealityModelAsCognitiveRestructuring. htm

Informative Essay Essay

How have different communication methods effected Generation Y’s high school social skills?  What would happen if all social media, texting, instant messaging, all just disappeared? How would today’s high school students communicate? An average high school student today will most commonly communicate with peers through either some sort of social media site, or through the most common form of communication amongst high school students; texting. A major problem that today’s high school students, or Generation Y, faces is that they are known to lack in some forms of communication skills. They seem to struggle when it is time to talk to people of higher authority, (e.g. parents, teachers, other adults) because they lack the skills needed to do so. Through texting, and social media, Generation Y’s social skills have been altered due to these methods of communication. In all the different ways that Generation Y communicates with its peers, texting is by far the most common form of communication. In some research done by NPR.org, they have found, â€Å"For America’s teens, cell phones have become a vital social tool and texting the preferred mode of communication, according to a new poll by the Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project†(Ludden). They have found that 75% of all teens between the ages of 12 and 17 now own a cell phone of some sort. Thus this explains how texting is becoming a main source of communication for teens these days. One of PEW Center’s study authors states, â€Å"There’s now an expectation that teens will contact each other via text, and they expect a kind of constant, frequent response† (Ludden). An obvious negative effect of this form of communication is that it is declining the writing skills of teens across the globe. Frequently, teens will use slang in their mess ages in order to get them out faster due to the fact that they’re easier to write. Teachers across the country are finding that many teens don’t know how to spell different forms of the same word or how to use grammar properly in a sentence. Even though texting has created these negative effects, it has become a way to communicate that is easier than picking up a phone, due to the fact that it is less time consuming, and is quieter while communicating  with one another. Social media is a common second mode of communication amongst high school students. With advancements in today’s technology, teens can access social media just about anywhere that they go. In a recent study done by Shea Bennett, they found that 96% of teens who have access to the internet will use it to check their social media sites. This site also performed another study that stated that, â€Å"69% of American high schools have banned cell phones† (Bennett). With the amount of high schools banning cell phones, which would eliminate the texting mode of communication, students must look at another way to communicate with their peers. Social media is the obvious answer. Through Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube, they can message each other and communicate that way. Social media has been found to create a lack of physical interaction amongst teens these days. According to Alice Martin, â€Å"Now, more and more people are interacting with others through different platforms like apps, role-playing online games, and social networks. This advancement has hampered the physical interaction skills of many children. Due to that, they don’t know how to interact with others when they meet them in-person or what gesture they should carry† (Martin). The social media sites of today are declining the skills needed for a student to get a job in the future. This means that the students heading into the work force do not know how to communicate properly with their boss for instance, or with a costumer that they need to speak to. This may result in a decline in sales and possibly somebody getting fired. That is even, if that student even gets hired for that job. Social media has also created a place for teens to interact and to meet new individuals that they may meet online. Overall texting and social media have done a ton to Generation Y’s social skills as a whole. With involvements in technology every day, it is only obvious that texting and social media will continue to grow as a whole. Even though they are found to elevate exasperation, deteriorate patience, decline writing skills, and create a lack in physical interactivity, these modes of communication will continue to grow with the growing technological age this world is in. These things will soon enough almost become the social trend, and nothing wrong will be found about them. Generation Y is bringing along  with them, an extreme amount of technological smarts that will help them, and hurt them in the future. Annotated Works Cited Bennett, Shea. â€Å"How Is Social Media Used In Schools? Statistics, Facts & Figures [INFOGRAPHIC].† – AllTwitter. Mediabistro, 22 July 2013. Web. 22 Jan. 2014. The author of this article, Shea Bennett, is a Co-Editor at All Twitter. She was previously the founding editor of Twittercism. She is the writer of many other online lessons and articles. In this article, she states a bunch of stats that are referring to social media being used in schools. There may be a tad bit of bias, but nothing that a reader can’t recognize. The purpose of this article, is to inform people about the increase of social media usage in schools across the US. Dodgen-Magee, Doreen. â€Å"How Is Technology Shaping Generation Y?† Biola Magazine Article. Biola Magazine, 2010. Web. 13 Jan. 2014. The author of this article is a phsychologist who has her Ph.D. She answers questions asked by the magazine company to the best of her knowledge and from conducting her own studies. There may be a tad bit of bias in here, but it is nothing that somebody can’t notice. The purpose of this magazine article is to inform the readers, of the problems that technology is causing Generation Y. She intends this article to be to an audience of highschool and college students, who possibly are doing research on this topic. Ludden, Jennifer. â€Å"Teen Texting Soars; Will Social Skills Suffer?† NPR. NPR, 20 Apr. 2010. Web. 22 Jan. 2014. Jennifer Ludden is a correspondent on NPR’s National Desk. She covers a range of stories on family life and social issues. Before joining NPR in 1995, Ludden reported in Canada, and at public radio stations in Boston and Maine. Ludden graduated from Syracuse University in 1988 with a bachelor’s degree in English and Television, Radio and Film Production. There seems to be no bias of any kind. This article talks about how texting keeps soaring, and how it is affecting socials skills of high school students. The audience of this article appears to be parents and students alike. It’s an  informative article that really describes how texting is hurting teen’s social skills. Martin, Alice. â€Å"The 4 Negative Side Effects Of Technology.† Edudemic. Edudemic, 30 May 2013. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. The author of this article, Alice Martin is working as a content manager at Assignment Valley. She has also worked for various academic institutions and has served the education industry for many years. She became a writer after completing her college education and then established her career in the field of education and research. In this article, Alice states four main points that technology is doing to Generation Y. She intends this article to be read by high school or college students that may be doing research on this topic. Simonpietri, Stacie. Social Media & Parent-Child Communication. Social Media: Current Trends Among Children and Their Parents and Implications Regarding Interpersonal Communication. Jeremy Rose, 5 May 2011. Web. 14 Jan. 2014. This article is written by a graduate student who was a Magna Cum Laude Thesis Candidate. She writes this essay to discuss current trends among children and their parents and implications regarding interpersonal communication. This essay doesn’t only explain the affects on the students, but also on their parents and families communication. One big problem that could occur from this source is obviously bias. She wrote this essay to inform other college students and possibly adults, the affect of technology on their communication skills.

Accounting For Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Accounting For Managers - Essay Example A deeper analysis would indicate that the purpose was to cover the cash shortage, which may represent misappropriation of company funds. Based on the auditor’s report, it appears that management is creating fake sales and fake purchase of equipment. The fake sales necessitated overstatement of inventory and understatement of cost of goods. However, the overstatement of inventory is reclassified to fake purchase equipment. These activities resulted in overstated sales, overstated income, understated cost of sales, overstated gross margin and overstated equipment. Overstatement of equipment might have been intended to defer the recognition of expenses through future depreciation expense. The volatility of accounts receivable and accounts payable compared to creditors was caused by fake accounts payable and accounts receivable at the same time for Red Desert. Faking the same is a way of manipulating cash. Red Desert’s high liquidity did not come from operation but from the investment of stockholders. A $10 million fresh infusion of equity in 2001 just went to wastage in 2001 because management is able hide the shortage of $ of 7 million cash. This would be fooling investors. If Red Desert has fooled the new investors in 2001, what is the assurance that they will not fool Surftex when the latter would have strategic alliance with it? It is really hard to deal with dishonest management. However, when we consider financial stability and liquidity of Red Desert as bases of having alliance with, it would appear that the debt-to-equity ratio and current ratio of Red Desert are still good. In terms of profitability, it is not too bad not to give it a chance. With the willing investors coming in 2001, it would show that there is a good prospect in its business. Therefore, it is recommended that unless Surftex would be given a controlling interest when strategic alliance is pursued, there is no reason to

Foreign Market Entry and Diversification Research Paper - 2

Foreign Market Entry and Diversification - Research Paper Example However, the issues that will remain unchanged are the functioning and control techniques including the ability of the institution to have better consumer associations and sales force. Through working upon the plans of foreign market expansion, a Coca-Cola institution may have benefits and be advantageous in many differentiated ways. A product line of particular type established by the organization can aid the enterprise in lowering the threat. It may achieve experience two different technologies, and establish the economies of scale. It shall satisfy the powerful desire to diversify the brand of the organization into a few extra fields of items, and will aid in achieving the profitable development (Karami, 2007). Diversification strategy Corporate administration’s initial course of action must be an analysis of if any opponent exists for enhancing its present enterprise functioning. The company wants to diversify DASANI, which is bottled water produced by Coca-Cola. The organ ization initially takes into account if it would achieve greater market share with its present items in their current markets (Neelankavil & Rai, 2009). This is known as the market penetration plan. After that, the organization takes into account where it can discover or establish new markets for its present commodities. This is the market growth strategy. Lastly, Coca-Cola will assess if it may establish new commodities for new markets. This is termed as the expansion strategy. The markets which Coca-Cola trades its commodities include in the United States and in the home market as well. The company has attained huge prosperity for the past years it has been in operation. However, the company feels there is a need for further expansion to reap more benefits. The Coca-Cola Company started to establish new commodity which will be used in the diversification process and which is the DASANI bottled water. DASANI at first got satisfaction outcomes when it first entered the United States market and the company hopes the product will repeat the same results when they decide to expand into new markets. Therefore, for the company to diversify its new commodity market and enhance its global competitiveness, it started to expand DASANI into a new market, which is in the United Kingdom. This expansion will increase the sales volume of DASANI; hence the increase in profitability of the company (Terpstra, Sarathy, & Foley, 2012). Market entry strategies Product positioning strategy This strategy is important for an organization to venture into a new market. The positioning strategy provides the organization with the best alternative to take to place the product, and at what price should it be sold at in the market for consumers to be able to access and buy it. Individuals in the United Kingdom are searching for greater quality water to drink. This calls for the Coca-Cola organization to commit extra resources to produce a high quality product that fulfills the consumer nee ds. A greater quality product will call for heavy investment in the production process and this as well calls for the products to reflect the cost of production. The differentiation strategy and the brand management strategy have as well to be applied in the product positioning strategy to achieve better and attractive results. Therefore, for

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Paper Example Petite Palate specialized in producing baby food, and targeted Northeast and Midwest markets of the United States. At the time the company started its operations, the market had become significantly competitive due to the number of players that had already established operations in prior years. On the same note, the enterprise was essentially a gourmet baby food company that only pursued this line of production, unlike other players who had mixed lines of production for diversity purposes (Lawrence, Lyons & Wallington, 2012). The dedication by the enterprise to gourmet baby food constrained its operational strategies in terms of diversity. The baby food industry and the markets in this industry were experiencing an ever growing trend in terms of operational business enterprises and baby food and baby formula varieties before and during the time Petite Palate started its operations. As a result, competition in the targeted markets was relatively stiff. Petite Palate had to compete aga inst Gerber Baby Food, Beech-Nut Baby Food, Enfamil, and Carnation Formula among others. Most importantly, capturing Gerber customers was a significant operational challenge for Petite Palate. This was due to Gerber’s size, market share in the industry, and consumer loyalty that it enjoyed in the U.S markets. Petite Palate Company’s business vision was to become one of the leading producers of frozen baby food. This followed the belief that such food was healthier for children, compared to other types of baby foods that were not frozen; like food contained in jars and pouches (Smith, 2007). This business vision lasted for four years, since the company started its operations in the year 2006, only to close four years later in October 2010. In the four-year period that the company operated, it remained within its belief of frozen baby food as opposed to shelf-stable formulations that its rival firms provided in the markets. Reasons for Failure Business enterprises fail d ue to myriad reasons, all of which revolve around their plans, business strategies, and overall operations. The most contributing factors to business failure are financial, market, or economic-based. Mismanagement of resources has also seen many businesses collapse on the verge of their success. Poor planning, overestimation of business potential, and poor implementation of business strategies are also contributing to business failure (Platt, 2009). In the context of Petite Palate Company, the setting of its operations could have foretold that failure was looming. The company set up its operations in a substantially competitive market, but then limited its production to baby food that could be frozen. As earlier mentioned, the company regarded frozen food as healthier that shelf-stable formulations. This was the belief of the company’s founders; Lisa Beels and Christine Naylor. This belief plunged the company into a limited operational capacity at a time when market growth wa s exacerbating. In the year 2007, Petite Palate Company’s products hit the Northeast and Midwest markets, selling in about 100 stores (Lawrence, Lyons & Wallington, 2012). The same year, the founders of the company prepared and presented Petite Palate’s business plan in a bid to mobilize investment funds and resources to the company from potential investors. The company hoped to raise an amount between two and a half and five

Organizational Communication of Toyota Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational Communication of Toyota - Essay Example The real essence of leadership according to Toyota is embodied in two apparently simple, but potent concepts – respect for people and continuous development. For people in Toyota, respect means viewing them as long-term associates in the business that realize in value over time and challenging them to stretch themselves and grow (Liker, 2). Toyota made a "heart-breaking" broadcast that it had stopped making cars in Australia in 2017, bringing to a stop to the nations car production sector. They told their employees that they did everything that they could to change their business, but the truth is that there were too many factors beyond their control that made it unviable to build cars in Australia. In addition, that even though the company had made profits in the past, manufacturing operations had continually led to loss hence leading to closure (Wimmer, Engelbert & Arun, 4). Toyota’s present problem is a result of inadequately designed practices and weak implementation of operations on the part of the human resource department. Some of the HR processes that must have contributed to Toyota’s downfall include rewards, training, performance management, and the hiring processes. The reason of any corporate reward process is to persuade the right behaviors and to dishearten the negative. However, it may be that the rewards for signifying error-free results were so high that clear errors were swept underneath the table. As a result, the employees were not willing to put the effort on growth and hence collapse of the company (Magee, 5). Secondly, the purpose of training is to guarantee that employees have the right skills and capabilities to handle all situations they may come across including negative information which it seems management did not focus on. Moreover, the HR department of Toyota had a poorly designed hiring process that allowed hiring of individuals